Suhkruhaiguste p\u00f5hjuseks on insuliinierituse h\u00e4ired. Insuliin on eluks h\u00e4davajalik hormoon, mis tekib k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4rmes ja on vajalik toitainete omastamiseks. Toiduainetes on kolm r\u00fchma toitaineid: s\u00fcsivesikud (teravili, leib, sai, suhkur, kartul, puuviljad); valgud (liha, kala, muna, kodujuust\/kohupiim) ja rasvad (v\u00f5i, \u00f5li, rasv, margariin). S\u00fcsivesikud lagunevad seedimise k\u00e4igus gl\u00fckoosiks ehk veresuhkruks. Veresuhkur on energiaallikaks (k\u00fctuseks) keha rakkudele nii nagu bensiin autole. Selleks, et gl\u00fckoos p\u00e4\u00e4seks rakkudesse ja temast saaks igap\u00e4evaseks eluks vajalikku energiat, peab k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4re eritama k\u00fcllaldase koguse insuliini. Kui insuliini ei j\u00e4tku, siis veresuhkur rakkudesse ei p\u00e4\u00e4se ja selle tase veres t\u00f5useb. Hoolimata veresuhkru k\u00f5rgest tasemest inimese organism tegelikult n\u00e4lgib. Toitu on k\u00fcllaldaselt, kuid organism ei omasta seda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00f5ikidel tervetel inimestel on organismis nii p\u00e4eval kui \u00f6\u00f6sel v\u00e4ike kogus insuliini. Kui inimene s\u00f6\u00f6b s\u00fcsivesikuterikast toitu (n\u00e4iteks leiba, v\u00f5i saia), siis veresuhkru tase t\u00f5useb. Veresuhkru k\u00f5rgenenud tase on signaaliks k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4rmele, see eritab k\u00fcllaldase koguse insuliini ja veresuhkru tase normaliseerub. Tervetel inimestel peaks veresuhkru tase t\u00fchja k\u00f5huga j\u00e4\u00e4ma vahemiku 3,5 mmol\/l kuni 5,5 mmol\/l ja 2 tundi peale s\u00f6\u00f6ki ei tohiks veresuhkur olla k\u00f5rgem kui 8 mmol\/l. Kui veresuhkur on \u00fcle 10 mmol\/l, siis hakkab suuremal osal suhkruhaigetest suhkur erituma uriiniga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Suhkruhaiguse tunnusteks on janu, sage urineerimine, kehakaalu langus ja v\u00e4simus. Varjatud v\u00f5i kergete vormide korral v\u00f5ivad haiguse tunnused puududa, kuid haigus on olemas ja vajab ravi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Suhkruhaigust on kahte t\u00fc\u00fcpi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Esimest t\u00fc\u00fcpi ehk insuliins\u00f5ltuv suhkruhaigus tekib reeglina lastel v\u00f5i noorematel inimestel. Nende inimeste k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4re on kahjustatud ega erita enam insuliini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Teist t\u00fc\u00fcpi ehk insuliins\u00f5ltumatu diabeet on p\u00f5hiliselt vanemaealiste t\u00fcsedate haigus. Nende organism eritab insuliini, kuid selle toime on h\u00e4iritud liigse kehakaalu t\u00f5ttu. Toiduvalik, kehakaalu v\u00e4hendamine ja tablettravi v\u00f5imaldavad hoida veresuhkrut \u00f5igel tasemel, vajadusel peab kasutama ka kunstlikult insuliini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Suhkruhaiguse ravi on eluaegne<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eduka ravi aluseks on toiduvalik ehk dieet. Lisaks dieedile kasutatakse suhkruhaiguse raviks veresuhkrut alandavaid tablette ja insuliini. Veresuhkrut alandavaid tablette saavad tarvitada ainult need inimesed, kelle k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4re on veel v\u00f5imeline insuliini eritama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tabletid ei sisalda ega asenda insuliini, nad ainult suurendavad insuliinieritust k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4rmest. Esimest t\u00fc\u00fcpi ehk insuliins\u00f5ltuva suhkruhaigusega haiged, kelle k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4re insuliini ei erita, peavad seda s\u00fcstima. Insuliin m\u00f5jub ainult s\u00fcstituna, suu kaudu ei toimi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Suhkruhaiguse hea ravi on v\u00e4ga oluline. Ravimata suhkruhaigeid \u00e4hvardab diabeetiline kooma. See on eluohtlik seisund, mille ajal on inimene teadvuseta ja h\u00e4iritud on peaaegu k\u00f5ik organismis toimuvad protsessid. Diabeetilise kooma p\u00f5hjuseks on v\u00e4ga k\u00f5rge veresuhkur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcsistused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kui veresuhkur on pikka aega normist k\u00f5rgem, siis seda suurema t\u00f5en\u00e4osusega arenevad suhkruhaiguse hilist\u00fcsistused. Nendeks on n\u00e4rvitundlikuse h\u00e4ired ja veresoonte muutused kogu organismis. Veresoonte kahjustused v\u00f5ivad tekkida silmades, neerudes, jalgades, aju ja s\u00fcdame veresoontes. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval on saanud selgeks, ei ainus viis v\u00e4ltida hilist\u00fcsistuste teket on hoida suhkruhaigete veresuhkur normaal tasemel. See on v\u00f5imalik ainult sel juhul, kui haige ise aktiivselt osaleb raviprotsessis ja m\u00f5istab oma haiguse olemust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kuidas hoida diabeet kontrolli all? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Suhkruhaigetel on v\u00e4ga oluline hoida enda haigust kontrolli all \u2013 j\u00e4lgida pidevalt enda toitumist, eluviisi ja m\u00f5\u00f5ta gl\u00fckoosi (suhkru) taset veres. K\u00f5ige rohkem hirmutab see, et mittekontrollitav suhkrudiabeet v\u00f5ib tekitada selliseid komplikatsioone, nagu s\u00fcdame- ja veresoonkonnahaigused, ateroskleroosi v\u00e4ljaarenemine, neerupuudulikkus v\u00f5i isegi j\u00e4semete amputeerimine ja n\u00e4gemise kaotamine. K\u00f5ik need komplikatsioonid tekivad siis, kui gl\u00fckoosi tase \u00fcletab veres pidevalt etten\u00e4htud taset ja diabeet ei ole kontrollitav. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kohustuslik kontroll <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcks t\u00e4htsamaid suhkrudiabeediga v\u00f5itlemise l\u00fclisid on regulaarne vere gl\u00fckoositaseme m\u00f5\u00f5tmine. Just see n\u00e4itab, milline on inimese haiguse t\u00f5eline seisund ja kuidas oleks vaja korrigeerida tema raviplaani. Vere gl\u00fckoositaset peaksid kontrollima k\u00f5ik inimesed olenamata soost ja vanusest. Esmase m\u00f5\u00f5tmise tulemusana on n\u00e4ha kas tegemist on haigusn\u00e4huga v\u00f5i ei. Kui selgub, et veresuhkru tase on normist v\u00e4lja suunab treener Teid raviarsti juurde kes m\u00e4\u00e4rab spetsiaalse ravi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Suhkruhaiguste p\u00f5hjuseks on insuliinierituse h\u00e4ired. Insuliin on eluks h\u00e4davajalik hormoon, mis tekib k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4rmes ja on vajalik toitainete omastamiseks. Toiduainetes on kolm r\u00fchma toitaineid: s\u00fcsivesikud (teravili, leib, sai, suhkur, kartul, puuviljad); valgud (liha, kala, muna, kodujuust\/kohupiim) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2916,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tervis","category-toitumine"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2918"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3680,"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2918\/revisions\/3680"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fitnesskool.ee\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}